The 15 papers in this collection are the bedrock on which the new Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health is developed. They summarize the current state of evidence and underscore successes as well as critical gaps in progress, emerging priorities, and the key interventions needed for a new generation of women, children, and adolescents. Based on a life course approach of interventions and a goal of universal health coverage, the papers highlight the critical interventions needed to ensure that women, children, and adolescents are able to survive, thrive, and transform. Their analysis is based on a synthesis of evidence from epidemiological and health data on effective strategies and interventions to realize the health and human rights of women, children, and adolescents around the world.